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US regulators clarify rules for crypto tokens
The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has issued new guidance clarifying which types of cryptocurrencies qualify as securities and when a non-security digital asset could be treated as an investment contract, and the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission joined the interpretation.
The SEC said tokens fall into several categories, with securities laws applying only to digital securities.
A non-security token could become subject to securities laws if an issuer offers it by promoting investment in a common enterprise from which a purchaser could expect to profit.
Paul Atkins, SEC chair, proposed safe harbors to help crypto startups raise capital and said the agency will seek public comment soon. The agency will incorporate its innovation exemption into the forthcoming safe-harbor proposal.
🔗 Source: Reuters
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Implications, context, and why it matters.
The new guidance classifies some large cryptocurrencies as non-securities
- The guidance names 16 tokens, including Bitcoin (BTC), Ether (ETH), Solana (SOL), and XRP, as “digital commodities” 1.
- That label puts them outside the SEC’s jurisdiction, while leaving room for Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) oversight as commodities under the Commodity Exchange Act 1.
- It also says protocol-level staking and mining are not securities transactions, which clears up how some DeFi (decentralized finance) services such as Lido fit into federal rules 1.
- The framework treats most NFTs (non-fungible tokens) and meme coins as “digital collectibles,” while warning that fractionalized NFTs may count as a securities offering 1.
This signals a US pivot to a more structured crypto regulatory framework
- The joint interpretation breaks from the prior case-by-case approach, often called “regulation by enforcement” by industry participants, which left years of legal uncertainty for crypto firms 2.
- It tracks a wider push in Congress, including the Genius Act for stablecoins and the Clarity Act, both aimed at clearer market structure for digital assets 3.
- Clearer guardrails may speed institutional adoption, with spot bitcoin and ether ETFs (exchange-traded funds) already bringing more participation through listed products 2.
- The coordinated effort strengthens the asset class in the U.S., helping it compete for financial innovation and capital that could otherwise move to regions with more established crypto frameworks 2.
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